Saturday, March 7, 2020
ââ¬ÅSolutions to the Crime Problem in the United Statesââ¬Â Essays
ââ¬Å"Solutions to the Crime Problem in the United Statesâ⬠Essays ââ¬Å"Solutions to the Crime Problem in the United Statesâ⬠Essay ââ¬Å"Solutions to the Crime Problem in the United Statesâ⬠Essay Slavery had been practiced since the 18th century. During those times, blacks in the United States have been slaves in the tobacco plantations and some large farms. Labor-intensive cultivation in the tobacco farms had been experienced by Africans and any some other nationalities around the world. Nowadays, slavery is still exercised by some parts of the United States of America but it is not as intense as that of the slavery felt in the 18th century. The reason behind the decrease of slavery during this time is that slavery had been proclaimed illegal by the law.As defined by majority, slavery is a social-economic system wherein certain persons are being depressed of their freedom as persons and are required to perform labor and services. The crime control policy I am proposing for slavery should start from considering the thought that no man was born a slave. Moreover, slavery should be solved by proposing a sensible law prohibiting the act of slavery to ever y man living on earth may he be of different race and sex. The law should include personal freedom and will have the right to refuse to do labor or any act of service to other people. This law should be called the Anti-Slavery Act which should be supported from individual person to groups for proper implementation.From the point of view of the Classical Conservative, the crime control policy that was proposed for a solution to slavery could be battled over by the people who are behind the ideological positions. It is the nature of a Classical Conservative to preserve and to guard their established culture. Classical Conservative is a term describing the philosophy of politics which greatly support the values that are traditional to a certain group of people called ââ¬Å"conservativesâ⬠. They have a strong principle that should keep guard their tradition which includes beliefs and customs. Other traditions include religious and cultural. Many groups of people in the earlier cen turies had considered slavery as part of their tradition. Moreover, it was carried until todayââ¬â¢s centuries but it is only considered minimal since other cultures have already adopted foreign cultures. So to support the proposed crime control policy to solve slavery will have a very low appeal to the Classical Conservative type of people. If according to the background of the Classical Conservative people is considered, approximately, 20-30 percent of the people will say yes to the proposed crime policy.The definition of a crime for the Classical School of thought in criminology is defined by the legal code which means that there is crime without the law. This means that the point of view from the Classical School of thought will be somewhat similar to that of the Classical Conservative.Classical LiberalismChild abuse is defined as the maltreatment of the parents or guardians to a child in terms of physical sexual or emotional. Some causes of child abuse lies on the hands of t he abusers. Some of the abusers were victims of child abuse during their childhood days. Personality disorder of a person or mental disabilities can also cause a person to abuse a child. Extraordinary stresses undergone by parents can also be a factor of child abuse. Poverty, sickness or drug and alcohol abuse of parents had also played a role for the child to be abused.The crime control policy for the child abuse to be solved will start from the family and community level. Parents or guardians are required to attend seminars and symposiums regarding the prevention of child abuse. Family support programs could also be given to the families particularly the parents to prevent them from abusing their children when stress and problems occur in the family. Education and information for parents regarding the cause, effect and impacts of child abuse could also be acquired by parents in the community level.From the point of view of a classical liberalist, crime control policy for the solut ion of child abuses it will not be totally supported. The principles that govern classical liberalism state that it is very important for a classical liberalist to exercise individual freedom from restraint. Child abuse in the classical school of thought is perceived to not being a crime since in the earlier times; child abuse is mistaken to be called as a disciplinary action of a parent to his child. It is a normal trend for parents to abuse their children because of the lack of information for them to learn the cause, effect and impacts of child abuse to their family especially to the abused children.Social DemocracyChild abduction in the United States of America had been a problem but the Federal Bureau of Investigation had worked hard to eliminate this problem. Usually, kidnapping is done because of the ransom money asked by the kidnappers from the parents of the children being kidnapped. But with the efforts of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, nowadays, kidnapping for ranso m is already non-existent in the United States.Crime control policy would basically will involve the parents and the children or the family as a whole. The policy should contain such actions that the children know the basic information about them. The parents should always teach their children their complete name, the telephone number of the house, the telephone number of the emergency hotline and the address where they live. This basic information will help the children a lot to prevent them or save them if ever kidnapping will happen. Educating the children of not trusting everybody else especially the strangers when they are outside their houses should also be contained in the crime control policy. Talking to strangers should also be informed to the children that this may cause them to be abducted if ever. Children, when going out should always have a friend or an elder with them to prevent the cases of child abduction. Pointing out to children the safety places where they could go when they are in trouble should also be emphasized by parents to their children. Safety houses include houses of your neighborhood, the police station nearest friendsââ¬â¢ houses. Child education about the causes and effects of child abduction the soonest possible time could greatly help to protect the safety of the children inside and outside homes. Knowledge of parents such as knowing the criminal background of their baby sitter is a very essential factor to consider in child safety.From the point of view of a social democrat, the crime policy above could be appealing. But according to the characteristics of the positivist in the school of thought, it is not possible for them not to support the crime control policy. The reason basically is they only call an action such a crime if it is based on a scientific explanation. A social democrat could consider the crime control policy because one of the characteristics of a social democrat is that if crime is low in a certain area, there are possibilities the increase in capitalism will be evident. It is not likely to a negative feedback of the crime control policy from the social democrats since the safety of the community they are living is a priority for them to gain from their investments and businesses.Egalitarian-SocialistThe fourth ideological position which is egalitarianism is defined as the equality in justice should be practiced among all kinds of people whatever the race and gender. More often than not, the crime control policy for the prevention of child abduction will be acceptable to the egalitarian people. This is because they are in favor of the fact that every man should be held equal under the law, the church and the right as a human being irregardless of the human race or ethnicity. Child abduction is considered a crime for most of the people supporting the egalitarian point of view. They define crime basing on international laws and human rights.The critical school of thought would also co nsider child abduction as a crime as with the view of the egalitarianists. The crime control policy would also be supported and will be approved by them because of the critical thinking that crimes committed should always deserve a corresponding punishment.
Thursday, February 20, 2020
Abandoned Vehicle Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Abandoned Vehicle Problem - Assignment Example This research paper explores statistical information and data to provide an overview of the situation by focusing on the information gathered from various cities across the Kingdom. Proposed recommendations provided in the research focus on the placement of environmental regulations, Environmental Management Systems (EMS), government policies and vehicle recycling systems to garner desired results. Furthermore, the negative effects of abandoned vehicles are also discussed and the environmental and economic sustainability of proposed recommendations is examined to draw appropriate conclusions. Introduction The issue of abandoned vehicles that are often left by their owners on a plethora of public sites has been a cause of major concern for law enforcement agencies and city administrations across the globe. This problem is most prevalent and its environmental, economic and social impact most visible in numerous developed nations. Much of the abandoned vehicles do not carry any sources of identification thereby, making it an impossible task for concerned authorities to trace back their owners. According to a report submitted to the UK parliament by the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (2004: p46) the quantity of automobiles abandoned by their owners in the United Kingdom increased from 1500 to 2000 in period lasting from 2001 to 2003. However, it can be rightfully stated that the existing situation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with regards to the problem under discussion is much worse. As per the statistics presented by Lt. Col. Zaid Al-Hamzi of Jeddah traffic department for 2011, the number of abandoned vehicles taken away from the streets of Jeddah during the year amounted to a staggering 2,836 automobiles (Arabia MSN). The gravity of the situation is defined by assessing the costs of vehicle abandonment that have to be paid for by society, which can be examined in the light of economic and environmental impacts of vehicle abandonment. Joyce and Milner (2005: p139) note that extensive ramifications of this issue include critical concerns regarding the safety of general public and the occurrence of criminal activities. Additionally, the difficulties associated with disposing abandoned vehicles must also be highlighted. These issues involve aspects related to the costs incurred on repair of roads and highways that are damaged due to the presence of abandoned motor vehicles and the expenses borne by administrative and law enforcement authorities in transporting said vehicles to designated locations or junkyards. In order to examine the problem of abandoned vehicles in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in a comprehensive manner, this research undertakes the assessment of the topic by highlighting its core aspects. Therefore, the succeeding sections of the paper present a statistical overview of the issue in the nation, possibilities of resolving the problem, analysis of vehicle recycling systems, a thorough discussion of the negative effects of abandoned vehicles and the sustainability of proposed recommendations. Moreover, the concluding remarks of the study provide guidelines for directing the course of subsequent researches on the issue. Abandoned Vehicles in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ââ¬â A Statistical Overview As identified in the preceding section of the paper, instances of motor vehicle abandonment are on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with 2,836 vehicles removed by the Jeddah traffic department in 2011 (Arabia MSN). An analysis of this statistic indicates
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Managing Multinational Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Managing Multinational Operations - Essay Example From this perspective, China now stands as an investment heaven for foreign investors due to several factors, such as cheap labor, incentives for multinational companies, and relaxation in tax policies that have been few factors from the list. Experts have indicated that as China was successful in surpassing the success rate of USA in terms of FDI in the year 2002, there is a huge possibility that it may become the largest economy by the year 2020 that now seems quite possible (Ching, 2008). After becoming member of the WTO, there has been greater liberty in the sectors of industry and services, and decrease in customs duty has been another major factor of establishment of new foreign firms in China. In particular, studies have indicated that multinational companies especially in the sectors of ââ¬Å"distribution, logistics, financial services, and telecommunicationsâ⬠(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008) have benefited significantly from such liberalization. Besides, analysis has sh own that there has been introduction of various policies by the Chinese government to give privilege to foreign investors and multinational companies, in order to promote foreign investment in the country and that will be fruitful for any multinational firm that will be entering in China to establish business. A major step has been the implementation of socialist market economy in China that has created an encouraging environment for new investments. Moreover, it is very imperative for a country to be constant in its tax policies and regulations that has been the case of China, consequently, resulting in positive arena for multinational firms to operate in the country. However, while planning to establish business in China, one should have an understanding that few strategies enjoy greater relaxation and liberalization, such as the businesses that ââ¬Å"bring in advanced technology, management expertise and high-caliber talentâ⬠(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008). Thus, if Acme is planning to penetrate in the Chinese market, it will have to make efforts to focus on the quality while ensuring advance technologies in its different processes and procedures. Furthermore, Chinese government promotes multinational firms and foreign investors that facilitate the process of ââ¬Å"ecological construction, environmental protection, and conservation, and the more efficient use of resources and energyâ⬠(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008). Besides such opportunities for multinational firms, there still exist few hurdles; however, the Chinese government has been endeavoring to deal with the issues to promote more firms in the Chinese market. For instance, firms that bring in foreign investment in China enjoy liberalization and relaxation in the processes of ââ¬Å"foreign exchange balancing, and raw materials sourcingâ⬠(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008) that allow the firms to run the business more effectively in the country. Additionally, in the past, firms had this limitation of using local market for materials; however, now, they enjoy the relaxation of giving priority to either local market or the international market while buying raw materials and fuels. On the other hand, there are few restrictions for multinational firms and foreign investors in the process of acquiring approval on capital contributions and participation in some particular sectors of the Chinese marke
Monday, January 27, 2020
History Of The Competence Versus Performance English Language Essay
History Of The Competence Versus Performance English Language Essay The term was invented by the linguist Dell Hymes in 1966, showing that he dislikes the idea of Noam Chomskys (1965) about using the distinction between competence and performance. To follow Chomskys abstract opinion of competence, Hymes agreed to be responsible for ethnographic exploration of communicative competence that included communicative form and function in integral relation to each other (Leung, 2005). Hymes, who pioneered the approach, now known as the ethnography of communication, it is one of the most important approaches in the oral competence. Many discussions has occurred with regard to linguistic competence and communicative competence in the second and foreign language teaching literature, and many scholars have found communicative competence as a superior model of language following Hymes opposition to Chomskys linguistic competence. This opposition has been adopted by those who seek new directions toward a communicative era by taking for granted the basic motives and the appropriateness of this opposition behind the development of communicative competence. Use in education The study proposes the use of a competency-based approach and presents a detailed process for developing such a course step-by-step, with a focus on students with the needed competencies in English oral communication in the Language School at Uasd. Many studies have talked about the need for English oral communication and a discrepancy between the university English language curriculum and English language requirements for jobs (Phosward 1989; Silpa-Anan 1991; Boonjaipet 1992; Crosling and Ward 2002; Vasavakul 2006). Dominguez and Rokowski (2002) refer to the same issue as the abyss existing between the goals of the academic and the professional world and propose an idea of bridging the gap between English for Academic and Occupational purposes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an English oral communication course for senior English students. The course emphasizes competencies in English oral communication since English oral skills are reported as the most wanted an d needed for Communication in the classroom. The notion of communicative competence is one of the theories that underlie the communicative approach to foreign language teaching. Especially in the area of speaking, competencies in English oral communication are considered a valuable asset for senior students in the Language School. The course is thus expected to equip senior students with English oral competencies so that they will receive more opportunities when they finish the University. The word communication comes from the Latin word cmmunicare which means that something becomes common (Nilsson, 1990:7). No matter what people are going to do when they meet, whether it is to dine, play or work, they communicate by means of signals, gestures, looks, intonation and words. It is an unavoidable process. Communication includes many things such as sharing information, feelings, thoughts and influences (Nilsson, 1990:7). It is an important social process and functions as a tool for cont act, transfer of ideas, influences and development.. One of the most fascinating characteristics of humans is their ability to communicate, create social reactions and complex societies (Nilsson, 1990:9) Canale and Swain (1980) defined communicative competence in terms of three components: grammatical competence: words and rules sociolinguistic competence: appropriateness strategic competence: appropriate use of communication strategies Canale (1983) refined the above model, adding discourse competence: cohesion and coherence A more recent survey of communicative competence by Bachman (1990) divides it into the broad headings of organizational competence, which includes both grammatical and discourse (or textual) competence, and pragmatic competence, which includes both sociolinguistic and illocutionary competence. Strategic Competence is associated with the interlocutors ability in using communication strategies (Faerch Kasper, 1983; Lin, 2009). Through the influence of communicative language teaching, it has become widely accepted that communicative competence should be the goal of language education, central to good classroom practice. There are many good writers and speakers but few good listeners. Most of us filter the spoken words addressed to us so that we absorb only some of them frequently those we want to hear. Listening is an art which not many people cultivate. But it is a very necessary one, because a good listener will gather more information and achieve better rapport with the other person. And both these effects of good listening are essential to good communication. For oral communication to be effective, it should be clear, relevant, tactful in phraseology and tone, concise, and informative. This is in contrast to previous views in which grammatical competence was commonly given top priority. The understanding of communicative competence has been influenced by the field of pragmatics and the philosophy of la nguage concerning speech acts as described in large part by John Searle and J.L. Austin. Competence versus Performance Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-communication, who know its (the speech communitys) language perfectly and that it is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of this language in actual performance. Chomsky, 1965 Chomsky differentiates competence, which is an idealized capacity, from performance being the production of actual utterances. According to him, competence is the ideal speaker-hearers knowledge of his or her language and it is the mental reality which is responsible for all those aspects of language use which can be characterized as linguistic. Chomsky argues that only under an idealized situation whereby the speaker-hearer is unaffected by grammatically irrelevant conditions such as memory limitations and distractions will performance be a direct reflection of competence. A sample of natural speech consisting of numerous false starts and other deviations will not provide such data. Therefore, he claims that a fundamental distinction has to be made between the competence and performance. Chomsky dismissed criticisms of delimiting the study of performance in favor of the study of underlying competence, as unwarranted and completely misdirected. He claims that the descriptivist limitation-in-principle to classification and organization of data, the extracting patterns from a corpus of observed speech and the describing speech habits etc. are the core factors that preclude the development of a theory of actual performance.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Affirmative Action Essay -- Politics, Public Policy
According to Newman, affirmative action is a ââ¬Å"program designed to seek out members of minority groups for positions from which they had previously been excluded, thereby seeking to overcome some institutional racismâ⬠(Newman, 536). Affirmative action made its debut with a piece of legislature passed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and continues to this day. However, the concept of affirmative action is a controversial issue that continues to be hotly debated. Affirmative action policies are passionately debated by everyone from educators and politicians to ordinary citizens, all who hold differing opinions on both the necessity and validity of the policies. There is no doubt affirmative action is an emotional topic and deals with the sensitive subjective of race, therefore peopleââ¬â¢s reactions to it are going to be strongly influenced by their own race and person experiences. One group who may support affirmative action are educators. Especially, those who work with poorer minority students and see the obstacles they have to overcome in order to finally get ahead and attend college, unlike their parents. To these educators affirmative action may be seen as a sign of hope for bright, determined minorities. Politicians too may support affirmative action if it is in their political interest to do so. If a politician is running for office in an area with a large minority population that is not well off they would likely support affirmati ve action to gain the votes of the citizens. However, if a politician represented an area that is for the most part racist and unwilling to give opportunities to minorities, politicians will probably reject the idea of affirmative action. In the case of politicians it seems likely their decisions wo... ...uch as ââ¬Å"socioeconomic status, first-generation college status, geographic residency,â⬠or the hardships students have overcome (ââ¬Å"UD.govâ⬠). These factors while not race based would likely ensure a fair amount of minorities were represented. Until institutions and organizations in the United States can choose applicants without bias and minorities have overcome the socioeconomic disadvantages they face, it will be necessary to maintain some form of forced equality, which is what affirmative action provides. Works Cited "GUIDANCE ON THE VOLUNTARY USE OF RACE TO ACHIEVE DIVERSITY IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION." UD.gov. U.S. Department of Education, 02 Dec 2011. Web. . Newman, David M. Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. 8 ed. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2010. Print.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Character Analysis of Hugoââ¬â¢s Javert Essay
Hugoââ¬â¢s character Javert sees anyone who may have commit a crime as simple as the theft of a loaf of bread as a social malefactor, a blight on all of society, a prime evil who needs to be eliminated, removed from the general population, and a devil that can be neither reformed nor tamed. Javert is the true rationalist. Like Medieval philosophers, he believes that people will naturally resort to evil, and that these people can never be saved or reformed. Javert is the true rationalist because he believes the law is the highest authority, sees Jean Valjean as purely evil, and because he wholeheartedly believes in the infallibility of the law. Javert believes the law is the highest authority throughout Les Miserables. When his character is first described, Hugo states ââ¬Å"It will be easily understood that Javert was the terror of all that class which the annual statistics of the Minister of Justice include under the heading: People without a fixed abodeâ⬠(57). Javert believes that all of those that live in poverty are destined to be criminals because they are forced to live without being able to satisfy certain wants, and that people, who are naturally bad, will violate the law to satisfy themselves. Javert, quick to punish anyone of a low social status, is also quick to punish himself. When he falsely accuses Monsieur the Mayor of being a convict, he asks to be dismissed. To the Mayor, he says ââ¬Å"I denounced you as a convict- you, a respectable man, a mayor, and a magistrate. This is a serious matter, very serious. I have committed an offense against authorityâ⬠(69). He believes that he has violated the law and should therefore be punished for it, even though he has proved himself to be a worthy inspector and only is guilty of a minor infraction. He believes that any man, despite any previous or future actions, is inherently evil if he has ever done wrong, so Javert automatically condemns himself because he has commit a crime. Javert also believes that the word of the law always supercedes the word of a normal man. Champmathieu, who denied being Jean Valjean, was, in fact, not him, but Javert was positive that he was because the police had accused him of it. When Champmathieu proclaimed his innocence, Javert said of him ââ¬Å"Champmathieu plays off astonishedâ⬠because he believes that there is no shadow of a doubtà on whether this man is Jean Valjean. The police accused him of this, so they must be right. The police, because they are the envoy of the law, the supreme judge of character, must not be wrong, they are infallible in his eyes. Javert is a true rationalist because he believes that the law decides what kind of person you are, and the law is the highest authority, and that once judged by the law, a man cannot change. Javert is a rationalist because he believes that man is incapable of reform. Throughout the novel, Javert pursues Jean Valjean because he is a convict who is a danger to society. In M_ sur M_, Jean Valjean showed he was reformed by giving to his fellow man before taking for himself. In M_ sur M_, Jean Valjean made 600,000 francs, but not without giving 1,000,000 to the people of the town. Javert pursues him even though he proved himself to be good for the community. Javert is relentless in his pursuit because he firmly believes that a convict is incapable of reformation because he has shown himself to be a doer of evil, and someone who has done evil is inherently evil. When Jean Valjean saved Cosette from the Thenardiers, he showed that he was capable of love and that he was no longer bitter from years of incarceration. Nevertheless, Javert chases after him because he believes he is still a threat, because of his evil nature. Afterwards, Jean Valjean made it his lifeââ¬â¢s purpose to raise Cosette and give all his money to the poor, to better their circumstances. When Thenardier intended to kill Jean Valjean, Javert came not to stop a crime in process but to get Jean Valjean. Javert even pursued Jean Valjean after he had spared Javertââ¬â¢s life at the barricade. Even after the innumerable good, selfless deeds that Valjean performed Javert pursued him because he thought Valjean was still and would always be evil, because a manââ¬â¢s soul cannot change, is predestined to good or evil, love or violence. Javert shows he is a rationalist because he is blind to the fact that Valjean has reformed, because it is impossible for a man to do so. Javert shows he is a rationalist because he believes the law is infallible with all his soul. When saved by Valjean, Javert is confronted with a moral dilemma. He knew that he had to bring back Valjean or else he was in violation of his duty, and that if he were to let Valjean be free he wouldà be equally as evil. Hugo describes this predicament ââ¬Å"Javert felt that something horrible was penetrating his soul, admiration for a convictâ⬠(336). Javert felt that he was becoming evil because he empathized with a purely evil man. As he empathized with Valjean, ââ¬Å"all the axioms which had been the supports of his whole life crumbled awayâ⬠(336). Javert was infected by a terrible disease, compassion. Compassion blinded his objectivity and was rendered an unworthy judge, now he was merely a wretch of a man, with a soul as black as Jean Valjeanââ¬â¢s. Because in his mind, the mind of a true rationalist, there was only right and wrong, there were only two ways about this. He could either turn the evil man in or die for aiding and abetting the fugitive. Javert must do either the right, and prove himself true, or do wrong and prove himself evil. He must be either good or evil, because there is no such thing as a gray area, and no such thing as compassion, only seeds of evil in his soul. He was his own judge, jury, and executioner. He killed himself because he had failed before the eyes of the law, he failed to do right and was thus proven evil, and did not deserve to live. For this he was a rationalist. Javert represents the true rationalist in this novel because he believes the law is the highest judge of men. The law is the worldââ¬â¢s guiding light and is always true. It is infallible, and the judge, a dispensary of the law, is the direct envoy of God. Jean Valjean is purely evil, and his attempts at repentance are only attempts to get out of trouble and to once again be assimilated into his surroundings, so he can once again do evil. Valjean is only a wolf, attempting to wear a sheepââ¬â¢s skin. His beliefs lead him to be so close minded that he is unable to deal with the fact that the law might be wrong. His mind is his own gallows, because he believes in the supreme power of the law. His rationalist beliefs are his noose, the ultimate cause of his death.
Friday, January 3, 2020
The Role Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology
Throughout the history of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, there have been many techniques and many great minds that have established ideas and methods of the human behavior in a workplace. Industrial and Organizational Psychology focuses on the values and ethics of individuals, groups, and organization behavior, then takes the knowledge that it has acquired in establishing solutions for problems at work. The solutions that have been met to be effective have been put together into a theory of the workplace and how it functions. The theories that have been thought of or brought upon to a particular issue have been verified through many case studies. For example, in a work environment, Rational Economic Theory, Self-Actualization Theory, and Social Assumption Theory are theories used by managers as a way to understand their employees and how they are false assumptions to be theories of ââ¬Å"human natureâ⬠. There is a problem with people ââ¬Å"perceiving themselves to b e a groupâ⬠. The Rational Economic Theory, also known as Theory X, was developed and created by Douglas McGregor. The theory assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this inspires the need for high authority of management. Employees are only motivated by extrinsic and economic rewards such as receiving a raise or a bonus. The workers are seen to be lazy and inactive; as a result the organizations have to control and manipulate their employeeââ¬â¢s goals to reflect with the organizationShow MoreRelatedIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Paper794 Words à |à 4 PagesAre you fit to be an Industrial or Organizational Psychologist? Most would say yes in a heartbeat Industrial psychologists associate themselves with people in the workplace. Industrial psychology is often called personnel psychology, which is directly related to the field also known as organizational psychology. Usually industrial psychologists evaluate the differences between individual workers an d also individual jobs. Organizational psychologists normally seek the understanding of how workersRead MoreI/O Psychology Paper788 Words à |à 4 PagesIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Pamela Groves PSY/435 January 7, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial/Organizational Psychology The paper will examine the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology, and how industrial/organizational psychology is different from other disciplines in psychology. Industrial/organization psychology can be used in organizations and it focuses on the employees performance and how to make it better. 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Psychology had been the study of mind from a very long time and was represented by the method of introspection defined as studying the mind by analyzing the thoughts. Angellââ¬â¢s functionalism aimed to apply psychology and its methods to real life problems however the problem with both structuralism and functionalism was that the methods were not reliable and introspection was considered to be a problem rather than a solution. Psychology could not convince people of itsRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1633 Words à |à 7 Pages2005). Organizational Behaviour Defined Behaviour on the other hand, he defines simply as ââ¬Å"the actions of people (Robins 2005). Organization behaviour (often referred to as OB) is the behaviour (actions) of individuals and groups within organizations and the interaction between organizations and their external environment. It constitutes a behavioural science field of study that borrows its core concepts from other disciplines, principally psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology
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